¿Cómo un economista como Milei ganó las presidenciales de Argentina? Descubre su visión liberal-libertaria y cómo conectó con el hartazgo social y la aspiración de cambios profundos.
Por Ángel Arellano
Por primera vez en cuarenta años Argentina eligió presidente a un outsider. ¿Pero cómo, si Milei era diputado? Lo es, en efecto. Y lo será hasta el 10 de diciembre, cuando le corresponda asumir la primera magistratura del país. Llegó al Parlamento recientemente, en el año 2021, a través de un movimiento creado para esos efectos, el Partido Libertario, que hoy integra la coalición La Libertad Avanza.
Javier Milei no es lo que se conoce como un político formal. Por el contrario, debe su ascenso en buena medida al impulso de un mensaje combativo contra el sistema político de su país y la propagación de una filosofía, como el mismo la denomina, liberal-libertaria.
También es la primera vez que un economista se convierte en presidente de Argentina. Esto dice mucho del principal problema que tiene esa nación. Para abordar ese asunto, este candidato controversial, de discurso radical y crítico de eso que llama la «casta» (en alusión a los políticos, partidos y élites vinculadas al Estado), propone medidas de shock. Entre sus principales banderas destaca el cierre del Banco Central, la reducción del Estado, la dolarización y la privatización. Esto último tuvo énfasis el día después de su elección. «Todo lo que pueda estar en manos del sector privado, va a estar en manos del sector privado», dijo.
¿Qué votó Argentina?
«Hay una tendencia a pensar que los argentinos votaron a la ultraderecha, cuando en realidad lo que han votado es al ultraliberalismo. Este ultraliberalismo les promete solucionar esa crisis económica de la que están hartos. Muchos argentinos recuerdan la década de los noventa, diez años consecutivos sin inflación, incluso con cierta deflación. Miran con nostalgia aquellos tiempos en los que el peso valía lo mismo que el dólar. Es el recuerdo de un tiempo en el que había créditos hipotecarios y se podía ahorrar. En el que se podían cambiar los pesos por moneda extranjera. Todo eso en la Argentina de hoy no es posible». Son palabras de Sebastian Fest, corresponsal en Buenos Aires de El Mundo de España.
Carlos Fara, consultor político de amplia trayectoria y recientemente nombrado presidente de la Asociación Internacional de Consultores Políticos, denomina a Milei como un outsider en toda regla. «Quizá en Argentina el último outsider que llegó al poder sea el propio Juan Domingo Perón en 1946». Sobre la base de apoyo que concretó el triunfo del polémico candidato, Fara dice: «Milei consolida algo que ya habíamos visto en agosto [primarias] y en octubre [primera vuelta], insertándose en sectores bajos y sectores populares, representándole casi por primera vez en la historia una competencia al peronismo en su base social». «La enorme mayoría de los votantes de Juntos por el Cambio [antes Cambiemos], que son más de sectores medios y medioaltos. Eso hace más diversa la coalición social que lo apoyó».
La diferencia entre el candidato peronista, Sergio Massa (44,30%), y Javier Milei (55,69%), ha sido proporcional a la necesidad de cambio exigida por la sociedad. Dice Fara que «un cambio más profundo era pedido por el 80% de la gente. El punto era ¿qué cambio? Y ¿quién podía canalizarlo mejor?».
¿Cómo ganó?
De acuerdo con Augusto Reina, consultor y director de la agencia Doserre, las claves de la elección no están en la comunicación sino en el hartazgo y la exigencia de cambio. Sin embargo, Javier Milei fue antes un fenómeno comunicacional que captó la atención de los medios de comunicación dentro y fuera de Argentina.
«Fue una comunicación bastante contraintuitiva en sus formatos, en las redes que usó e incluso en el mensaje que promulgaba. ¿Qué tuvo de particular? Lo nutrida, consistente y trabajadora de la comunidad de seguidores libertarios en las redes. Es una comunidad orgánica, sobre todo el TikTok. Son contenidos que vuelan independientemente de lo que haga el candidato. La centralidad comunicativa no la tuvo el candidato. Incluso gran parte de sus contenidos eran recopilados de sus entrevistas en televisión. Esto tiene una particularidad y son los torbellinos mediáticos. Se llevan adelante ciclos noticiosos a fuerza de contenidos disruptivos e incluso ideológicos», explicó Reina.
Un detalle encontrado por Reina en los grupos focales de Javier Milei interesa al análisis de la situación. «Él [Milei] genera algo, sobre todo en el segmento más joven (16-25 años). Y es que tiene la capacidad de que a través de pocas claves vende elementos interpretativos de la realidad. ¿Hay inflación? Bajemos el Banco Central. ¿Hay pobreza? Hay que sacarles la plata a los políticos. Con esas pequeñas claves tiene forma de resolver y empoderar a sus electores sobre cómo el presidente de turno puede resolver los problemas». Para Reina, la audacia de Javier Milei fue ser el abanderado de la necesidad de cambio que pedía la sociedad. Considera que es difícil afirmar que toda la votación que obtuvo fue decididamente a apoyarlo a él y a su proyecto de shock y reformas profundas. «Sí tomaría con bastante más fuerza que el 55% buscó una opción de cambio».
Fuente Dialogo Político
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