«No vine a guiar corderos, vine a despertar leones”.
Con esta frase, el candidato a la presidencia de Argentina Javier Milei, representante del partido La Libertad Avanza, definió su desembarco en la política y su sorpresivo triunfo, este domingo, en las elecciones primarias del país.
Con un 30% de los votos, Milei, de 52 años, se convierte así en favorito para ganar las elecciones presidenciales, que se realizarán el próximo 22 de octubre.
El candidato, que se define como de orientación libertaria, sobrepasó a las dos fuerzas que han gobernado durante las últimas dos décadas: el macrismo (Juntos por el Cambio), que obtuvo el 28% de los votos, y la coalición oficialista peronista-kirchnerista, Unión por la Patria, que sacó el 27%.
Pero aunque el resultado sea sorpresivo -las encuestas apenas le daban un 20% de los votos-, lo cierto es que Javier Milei se ha convertido en un polémico fenómeno político en Argentina en los últimos años.
Economista y amante de los perros, Milei ha sacudido los debates políticos de los últimos años con propuestas como dolarizar la economía, privatizar las empresas públicas del Estado y cerrar (“dinamitar”, en sus propias palabras) el Banco Central.
También ha lanzado ideas como la de permitir la compraventa de armas en la Argentina y la venta de órganos.
A esto se suma su oposición a la legalización del aborto y la educación en temas de género e identidad en las escuelas públicas.
Pero tal vez su crítica directa a los sectores tradicionales de la política argentina, a quienes llama de forma despectiva la “casta”, ha sido lo que lo ha llevado a conectar con los electores más jóvenes, descontentos con el actual estado de cosas en el país.
Milei ha sido comparado con otros políticos de extrema derecha como el expresidente de Estados Unidos Donald Trump y el de Brasil, Jair Bolsonaro.
«Hemos logrado construir esta alternativa competitiva que no solo dará fin al kirchnerismo sino que además dará fin a la casta política parasitaria chorra (ladrona) e inútil que hay en este país”, aseguró una vez se hicieron oficiales los resultados.
Pero, ¿cuáles son sus propuestas, que muchos analistas han calificado algunas de ellas como “radicales y excéntricas”?
«Dinamitar el Banco Central»
Actualmente Argentina vive una situación crítica debido a la alta inflación que el año anterior alcanzó el 100% anual. Y de hecho, el fenómeno de Milei comenzó con él, que es economista de la Universidad de Belgrano, participando en programas de televisión como analista económico.
En estos programas fue armando lo que es la base de su propuesta económica: primero, la dolarización de la economía, imitando el modelo de otros países de la región como Ecuador.
“Los ecuatorianos están muchísimo mejor que los argentinos. Los números de Ecuador son impresionantes. Se multiplicó por diez el ingreso y se pulverizó la inflación”, le dijo Milei al diario español El País.
Segundo, el cierre del Banco Central. Milei ha sostenido en varias entrevistas que la creación de esta entidad -ocurrida en 1935- fue el inicio de todos los problemas del país.
Tercero: una drástica reducción en el gasto público. Entre sus propuestas se incluye la reducción de ministerios presidenciales a solo ocho (actualmente hay 18 ministerios, sin contar otras agencias del Estado).
“Estamos dedicados a analizar una reforma del Estado donde pueda lograrse más eficiencia y menores costos. El gasto público total tiene que reducirse, pero no por cortes abruptos, ni mucho menos por licuación con la inflación, sino dando prioridad a ciertos gastos”, le dijo al diario argentino La Nación Diana Mondino, economista de Ucema y miembro del equipo de gobierno de Milei.
El candidato de La Libertad Avanza propuso la reducción de subsidios a las empresas que prestan servicios y que el valor de la tarifa real sea transferido a los usuarios.
Otra propuesta que está en la carpeta es retirar el cepo al dólar, que es una medida actual que limita la cantidad de dólares que un ciudadano argentino puede adquirir por mes.
Estas propuestas, especialmente la de dolarización del país y la del cierre del Banco Central, han recibido fuerte críticas de otros expertos económicos.
“La propuesta de cerrar el Banco Central significa retroceder a una discusión ya saldada dos siglos atrás”, señaló el economista Guido Agostinelli al diario Página 12.
El economista argumenta que el Estado necesita una regulación del mercado financiero para resguardar los ahorros de los ciudadanos y agrega que ningún país desarrollado existe sin un banco central
“La experiencia más reciente donde no se pudo garantizar los depósitos de los ahorristas fue con el “corralito” de Domingo Felipe Cavallo al frente del Ministerio de Economía, que justamente hoy es reivindicado por toda el ala libertaria”, añadió.
Negacionismo y venta de órganos
Pero más allá de sus radicales propuestas económicas, es en el ámbito social donde sus ideas han causado mayor revuelo.
En varias ocasiones, especialmente durante la campaña presidencial, Milei sostuvo que estaba a favor de que los argentinos pudieran comprar armas libremente, a raíz del incremento de los casos de inseguridad que se registran en algunas zonas del país.
Tal vez la propuesta más polémica ha sido la de legalizar el mercado de venta de órganos, una actividad prohibida por la ley del país.
“Hay 7.500 personas sufriendo, esperando los trasplantes, hay algo que no está funcionando bien. Lo que propongo es buscar mecanismos de mercado para resolver este problema”, dijo el candidato en el canal de televisión TN.
Esta afirmación fue rechazada categóricamente por Carlos Soratti, director del Instituto Nacional Central Único Coordinador de Ablación e Implante (Incucai), que regula las donaciones de órganos en el país.
“Estas propuestas exóticas, que ya se dieron hace un siglo, hoy son absurdas. Este tema atrasa un siglo, desde el debate bioético que desarrolló la historia del trasplante de órganos a comienzos del siglo XX», señaló en un comunicado.
Además de estas declaraciones polémicas, otro punto que ha generado debate en la opinión pública es su segunda en la boleta presidencial: la candidata a la vicepresidencia, Victoria Villarruel.
Villarruel, quien es hija de militares, se ha destacado por poner en duda los delitos cometidos durante el régimen militar que gobernó Argentina desde 1976 hasta 1983.
Entre ellos, la tortura y desaparición de miles de personas por parte de las fuerzas de seguridad.
“Hay que denunciar a los terroristas que hicieron atentados en los setenta, tomaron el poder, reescribieron la historia y se garantizaron la impunidad”, dijo durante una reunión política.
Es ella la que lidera las propuestas de desregulación de la venta de armas y una reforma a la Justicia que podría concederle la libertad de decenas de militares y policías condenados por crímenes de lesa humanidad.
“Estamos en una situación de amenaza al consenso mínimo, que es el rechazo al terrorismo de Estado”, señaló en rechazo a estas posturas Verónica Torrás, directora del instituto Memoria Abierta, al diario español La Verdad.
Pero estos no han sido los únicos aspectos polémicos de su campaña. A Milei se le ha acusado de tener comportamientos misóginos en distintos ámbitos políticos.
Varios medios han reseñado el maltrato que recibieron mujeres periodistas en el momento de entrevistarlo y analistas políticos indican que su programa se opone a casi todos los planes dedicados a los temas de género
“En mi Gobierno no va a haber marxismo cultural y no voy a estar pidiendo perdón por tener pene. Si de mi dependiera cerraría el ministerio de la Mujer”, dijo Milei en una entrevista.
Educación y salud fusionados
Por supuesto, dentro de las propuestas de reducción del gasto público Milei ha sido claro que habrán recortes los principales temas sociales: salud, educación y desarrollo social.
Y la propuesta es directa: fusionar los tres ministerios que manejan estos temas en uno solo, al que llamaría de “Capital Humano”.
En el tema de salud se propone la creación de un llamado “seguro universal”, en el que usuarios y médicos pacten los honorarios a pagar por servicios médicos.
En el campo de la eduación, Milei propone un método de “vouchers”, en el que la asistencia a los colegios no será obligatoria ni gratuita.
“El sistema de la obligación no funciona. Si querés estudiar, vas a tener un voucher y vas a poder estudiar. Se toma el dinero que recauda el Estado para esto y la divide entre los niños en edad escolar y se le da un voucher a los padres, para que ellos escojan el colegio que desean para sus hijos”, señaló.
Esto fue ampliamente rechazado en varios círculos.
«La obligatoriedad educativa no es un arma que se le pone en la cabeza a la sociedad, sino un estímulo indispensable para la supervivencia. Me preocupa siempre la mirada violenta de las cosas que tiene”, dijo la diputada de Juntos por el Cambio, Victoria Morales Gorleri, a la agencia de noticias Telam.
Sumada a las críticas por los puntos de sus propuestas, actualmente la Justicia argentina está investigando a Milei por varios delitos.
Uno de ellos es por la presunta venta del apoyo a candidaturas a gobiernos regionales en la Argentina. Empresarios y políticos han denunciado al candidato ultra liberal de exigir cerca de US$10.000 a cambio del respaldo de su partido para las elecciones provinciales que se desarrollan de forma paralela a la presidencial.
Ahora la carrera hacia la Casa Rosada ha quedado clara para su definición el próximo 22 de octubre.
Además de los resultados obtenidos por el movimiento de Javier Milei, Juntos por el Cambio, que representa al Macrismo y a la derecha moderada, eligió a la exministra de Seguridad Patricia Bullrich como su candidata.
Por su parte, el partido del oficialismo, Unión por la Patria, eligió al actual ministro de Economía, Sergio Massa, para ser el candidato presidencial.
Fuente BBC News
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