Por: Maria Albert
Las tensiones entre Serbia y Kosovo continúan aumentando a pesar de las amenazas de la OTAN, que podría intervenir en un hipotético conflicto si fuese necesario
Han pasado más de 20 años desde que Kosovo y Serbia firmaron la paz, pero las relaciones nunca han llegado a tornarse amistosas entre ambas regiones. Prueba de ello son los últimos encontronazos que han protagonizado a raíz de la entrada en vigor de una nueva normativa kosovar sobre documentos de identidad y matrículas, que han requerido incluso la mediación de la OTAN.
Pero ¿de dónde surgen estas nuevas tensiones entre Serbia y Kosovo? ¿De dónde vienen las malas relaciones entre ambos territorios? ¿Qué papel tiene realmente la OTAN en estas reuniones?
El último encontronazo entre Serbia y Kosovo
Esta nueva ley prohibía el uso de documentos de identidad y matrículas oficiales de Serbia en el territorio kosovar para dar paso a un documento temporal kosovar válido durante 90 días para su estancia en el país.
Esta medida que no gustó nada a la mayoría serbia instalada en la ciudad norteña de Mitrovica. Así, horas después de su entrada en vigor, los ciudadanos instalaron barricadas en las carreteras hacia los pasos fronterizos de Jarinje y Brnjak. Por su parte, la respuesta de la Policía de Kosovo consistió en el cierre de estos pasos para el tráfico, desplegando sus patrullas en el norte de la región.
Para apaciguar los ánimos, la Fuerza de la OTAN para Kosovo (KFOR) alertó de su intención de intervenir en un posible conflicto si se pusiera en peligro la estabilidad del norte de Kosovo. «La KFOR tomará todas las medidas necesarias para mantener un entorno seguro en Kosovo en todo momento, de acuerdo con su mandato de la ONU», explicó en un comunicado en su cuenta de Twitter.
Estas primeras tensiones desatadas entre ambos países y la amenaza de la OTAN llevaron a que Kosovo decidiera posponer la aplicación de esta nueva medida al menos hasta el 1 de septiembre. Así lo explicaba el Gobierno del primer ministro, Albin Kurti, en un comunicado tras una reunión con el embajador estadounidense en Kosovo, Jeffrey Hovenier.
Sin embargo, la estabilidad parece cada vez más frágil entre dos países que comparten un pasado bélico no muy lejano. Prueba de ello son las últimas reuniones en Bruselas entre Kurti, y el presidente de Serbia, Alexandar Vucic, con la intención de desactivar el conflicto, que finalmente acabaron sin avances y con ambos dirigentes acusándose mutuamente de preparar una invasión.
¿Qué pasó en la guerra de Kosovo?
La abrupta relación que mantienen Serbia y Kosovo viene de muchos años atrás, concretamente en la década de los 90, cuando ambos países se enfrentaron en la guerra de Kosovo. Por entonces, Serbia aún formaba parte de la llamada República Federal de Yugoslavia que integraba junto a Montenegro y Kosovo aún era una región serbia ubicada al suroeste del país.
El conflicto, que se extendió desde finales de febrero de 1998 hasta el 11 de junio de 1999, enfrentó a las fuerzas yugoslavas y al Ejército de Liberación de Kosovo (formado en su mayoría por soldados de etnia albanesa), por controlar la región serbia. El Tratado de Kumanovo supuso la retirada de las fuerzas yugoslavas y serbias, que decidieron dejar atrás la región para dar paso a una presencia internacional.
A pesar de convertirse en un territorio autónomo bajo la tutela de las Naciones Unidas, Kosovo acabó por declarar su independencia en 2008. Sin embargo, este estatus de Estado independiente no es reconocido por países como Rusia, China, India, Brasil o España, aunque otros tantos como Estados Unidos y otros socios de la Unión Europea sí lo han hecho.
Fuente: Diario ABC
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