Por: Luis Gonzalez
El mundo está viviendo momentos de tensión debido a la visita de la presidenta de la Cámara de Representantes de los EE. UU., Nancy Pelosi, por 24 horas, del 2 al 3 de agosto de este año 2022, a la región Taiwán de China, en violación al Derecho Internacional y a lo establecido en los “Tres comunicados conjuntos entre China y los EE. UU.”.
Ante esta realidad, creo que como nunca, debemos entender dos conceptos que son la base de las relaciones entre China y Taiwán y, por consiguiente, de las relaciones de China con los demás estados en el mundo, entre ellos EE. UU.: el principio de “Una sola China” y el “Consenso de 1992”.
De acuerdo al principio de “Una sola China” existe una sola nación-estado en el mundo con el nombre de “China” y que por lo tanto China continental, Hong Kong, Macao y Taiwán son todos parte de esa única entidad nacional. Dicho principio fue ratificado en la resolución 2758 de la Asamblea General de la ONU del 25 de octubre de 1971, al declarar que “los representantes de la República Popular China son los únicos representantes legítimos de China en las Naciones Unidas”.
No obstante tener a su favor una resolución del “Parlamento de la Humanidad”, China ha preferido manejar el caso con Taiwán de una manera respetuosa y sin avasallar, y es por eso que se produce el llamado Consenso de 1992.
Todo comenzó en marzo de ese año, cuando la Asociación de las Relaciones A Través del Estrecho de Taiwán (ARE), de la RPCh, presidida por Wang Daohan, y la Fundación de Intercambios del Estrecho (FIE), de Taiwán, presidida por Koo Chen-fu, realizaron un primer encuentro de trabajo. Después de varios meses de discusiones, en noviembre, Wang y Koo llegaron a un consenso verbal sobre la base de que “ambos lados del Estrecho de Taiwán se adhieren al principio de una China y hacen esfuerzos por la reunificación de la patria”.
Aunque fue un acuerdo verbal, ese “Consenso de 1992” ha servido de base para negociaciones de acercamiento a partir de ahí. No avanzó más porque los dos primeros presidentes electos de Taiwán, Lee Teng-hui y Chen Shui-bian no lo reconocieron.
Fue el presidente Ma Ying-jeou, entre el 2008 y 2016, quien retoma dicho Consenso diciendo en su discurso de toma de posesión “deseo reiterar que, en base al Consenso de 1992, debemos reanudar las negociaciones a la mayor brevedad posible”.
Al llegar al poder la actual líder de Taiwán en 2016, Tsai Ing-wen, volvió a desconocer el Consenso, a detener las negociaciones para la reunificación pacífica y, peor aún, hacerle el juego a EE. UU. en su afán por detener el desarrollo pacífico de China.
Esta visita de Pelosi es una provocación y una violación al principio de “Una sola China”, que EE. UU. ratifica. Invito a conocer y entender este principio, y el “Consenso de 1992”, como base para las actuales relaciones entre China y Taiwán, así como de todos los involucrados, entre ellos los EE. UU. Les aseguro que, de ahí en adelante, otras serán sus percepciones y opiniones.
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