Estados Unidos y China continuaron sus diálogos para encauzar sus relaciones después que el presidente Joe Biden y Xi Jinping dialogaran el jueves por más de dos horas vía Zoom. La charla tuvo lugar dos semanas después de que China presentara una dura queja a la administración del Biden sobre las políticas estadounidenses en materia de Taiwán.
El mensaje chino expresó lo que percibe como un momento de desencuentro que debe corregirse para evitar poner en peligro las relaciones bilaterales en la medida que funcionarios estadounidenses insistan en presionar a Beijing colocando sobre la mesa el caso de Taiwán, algo que China considera parte indivisible de su territorio y por lo que sus diplomáticos trabajan a destajo para que el enclave vuelva a su jurisdicción territorial.
Después de la charla de ambos mandatarios, funcionarios chinos contactaron con Washington a través del asesor de seguridad nacional Jake Sullivan, si bien la llamada no fue confirmada de forma oficial, un alto funcionario de la cancillería China, advirtió a Washington que debe abstenerse de hablar sobre la soberanía e independencia de Taiwán. Esta posición de Beijing se profundizó en los últimos dos años y va en consonancia con una fuerte campaña diplomática internacional contra cualquier modificación del status quo actual de Taiwán. Sin embargo, la reivindicación territorial China lleva muchos años más. Según Beijing el enclave autónomo situado en el Indo-Pacífico es históricamente chino y debe estar bajo el control su control.
La posición china es que, en la medida que Estados Unidos insista en presionar a Beijing por Taiwán, estará profundizando equivocadamente el curso de las buenas relaciones y todo lo que logrará será agravar las relaciones bilaterales colocando en peligro la zona del Indo-Pacifico y la región en general, declaró a AP una fuente diplomática de Beijing que instó a su contraparte estadounidense focalizarse en una visión clara de comprensión y entendimiento de la situación en la que Beijing busca cumplimentar el principio de una sola China, y quien se oponga a ese principio conocerá su reacción, ratificando que no aceptará políticas extranjeras que atenten contra sus intereses. La información obtenida de la cancillería china por la agencia de noticias ratifica que la parte china arbitrará las medidas necesarias con toda firmeza para proteger la integridad de su soberanía así como sus intereses en orden a su seguridad.
En materia de relaciones chino-estadounidenses hay un abundante historial que muestra enfrentamientos diplomáticos varios por la independencia de Taiwán. Aunque Washington no apoya públicamente esa independencia respetando la posición China, su apoyo a Taiwán se fue fortalecido en los últimos tiempos. En 2021, Estados Unidos invitó a Taiwán a una cumbre sobre democracia global que China criticó fuertemente presentando una queja diplomática ante lo que considero un avance de Washington sobre sus intereses y planes geopolíticos. Así, Beijing se volvió más dura en su posición, especialmente desde el inicio de las acciones militares de la invasión rusa sobre Ucrania. Desde ese 24 de febrero la política China para Taiwán se ha tornado mucho más hostil generando un fundado temor en materia de acciones militares que deriven en una invasión militar. Sin embargo, hasta el momento -y aunque hubo un dialogo amistoso entre el presidente Biden y el líder chino Xi Jinping el pasado jueves, aún no se conoce como responderá China el pedido de Washington para que se abstenga de cualquier acción militar, la que no se descarta dada la informacion que maneja la inteligencia estadounidense.
Por el lado chino, un portavoz del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, declaró a la prensa local que el presidente Joe Biden y su administración tienen la obligación de reconocer y respetar los principios de Beijing que refieren a una sola China quieren llevar una buena relación con su gobierno. En consecuencia, la posición pública y privada estadounidense debe ser de abstenerse en brindar apoyo a cualquier reivindicación de Taiwán. Si eso no sucede, lamentablemente las relaciones entre China y Estados Unidos así como la paz y la estabilidad en el Estrecho de Taiwán estarán en grave peligro; sostuvo el portavoz de la cancillería china.
En cuanto al presidente Biden, aún no se ha pronunciado despues del dialogo con el lider chino respecto de la estrategia estadounidense a futuro, por tanto se espera una definición de su parte en los próximos días para conocer cual será el abordaje de las relaciones bilaterales con China habida cuenta que se está convirtiendo en un incomodo oponente para Estados Unidos.
No obstante, el secretario Blinken, proporcionó un primer enfoque oficial de Washington donde reconoció que la República Popular China constituye el mayor desafío a largo plazo para Estados Unidos y para la comunidad Internacional. Según Blinken, China es el único país que tiene la voluntad de re-dibujar un nuevo orden internacional y dispone del poder económico, militar y tecnológico para hacerlo. Las declaraciones del secretario de Estado parecen ir por un carril distinto a lo expresado por el presidente Biden, quien siempre mantuvo su enfoque en Rusia como único adversario mientras califico a China solo como un competidor económico en el tablero político mundial.
El enfoque en dirección al abordaje de las relaciones chino-estadounidenses ha sido notorio en los últimos dos años. Durante la administración del ex-presidente Donald Trump se produjo un cambio fundamental en la política con China, ello se centró en el objetivo de controlar a un país que -paradójicamente- con la ayuda de Estados Unidos, se convirtió en el principal competidor de Estados Unidos. El cambio de paradigma de la administración Trump puso fin de manera formal a la idea de unas relaciones históricas entre Estados Unidos y China. La posición fantasiosa que se extendio por casi 45 años, desde las distintas presidencias, desde Richard Nixon hasta Barack Obama, ayudaron al ascenso de China con cierta ingenuidad y en la esperanza de que, mientras China se volviera más próspera, buscaría pacíficamente liberar su económica y flexibilizaría la rigidez de sus políticas abriéndose al mundo. Esa idea estadounidense de cambio de política albergaba la expectativa de facilitar un nuevo escenario de la geopolítica y el comercio mundial. Sin embargo, el presidente Biden emprendió un regreso a las viejas políticas y el discurso de Blinken permite observar de forma concreta un plan de la administración que busca convivir con China ejerciendo “poder suave”, lo cual no deja de ser una suerte de concesión que puede tener impacto negativo para Estados Unidos en lo político y económico.
Por otro lado, el comunicado de Blinken, a través de sus palabras se evalúa calmo y tranquilizador para Beijing, el Secretario se encargó de dejar claro que Washington no tiene planes de neutralizar el rol de China como potencia ni bloquear su crecimiento económico. También aclaró que Estados Unidos no pretende modificar ni inmiscuirse en su sistema político. El mensaje fue por demás diplomático y rayano en una suerte de rendición cuando dijo: Estados Unidos no busca un conflicto con China, tampoco una nueva Guerra Fría, nuestra decisión es evitar ambos escenarios. Estas declaraciones calmaron a Beijing y generaron un impasse en las declaraciones de sus funcionarios después del dialogo entre Biden y Xi Jinping. Sin embargo, Beijing sostiene que el escenario continúa abierto.
En contraste del lanzamiento en su tiempo de la ofensiva ideológica de la administración Trump con China como un estado deslegitimado políticamente y sin apego al estado de derecho, el presidente actual Joe Biden ha mostrado un enfoque diferente sobre su predecesor y ninguna intención de influenciar en la transformación del sistema político chino. El mismo Biden trato de tranquilizar al presidente chino Xi Jinping el jueves pasado haciéndole saber que Estados Unidos no pretende modificar el sistema político de China ni planea construir alianzas en su contra. Así las cosas, con Biden dispuesto a aprobar las políticas expansionistas de Beijing, es evidente que aumenta el riesgo de que Xi Jinping haga de Taiwán su primer objetivo para rediseñar el tablero geopolítico del Mar de China, él ya sabe que Washington no apoyará militarmente a Taiwán. No obstante, apaciguar a China puede convertirse en la luz verde para una operación militar que configure una agresión militar similar a la de Putin sobre Ucrania y la comunidad internacional sabe y tiene claro que el desenlace final de la guerra ruso-ucraniana puede ofrecer a China la oportunidad esperada por muchos años para hacerse con Taiwán en el momento que Xi Jinping lo crea oportuno.
fuente: INFOBAE
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