El Instituto Internacional de Estudios para la Paz de Estocolmo (SIPRI) ha realizado un informe en el que prevé un incremento de los arsenales nucleares en la próxima década
El armamento nuclear mundial se ha minimizado cerca de un 3% en el último año, pero se espera que crezca en la próxima década por primera vez desde el final de la Guerra Fría por los programas de modernización en proceso en muchas de las potencias nucleares, ha advertido el Instituto Internacional de Estudios para la Paz de Estocolmo (SIPRI) en uno de sus informes.
“Hay claras indicaciones de que las reducciones que han caracterizado los arsenales nucleares desde el fin de la Guerra Fría han terminado”, señala Hans M. Kristensen, analista de SIPRI y director del Nuclear Information Project en la Federación de Científicos Americanos.
Las nueve potencias nucleares (Estados Unidos, Rusia, el Reino Unido, Francia, China, la India, Pakistán, Israel y Corea del Norte) poseían a comienzos de este año 12.705 cabezas nucleares frente a las 13.080 cabezas de un año antes.
Del total de ojivas disponibles, unas 9.440 estaban en reservas militares para uso potencial. De esas, 3.732 estaban desplegadas con misiles y aviones y 2.000 –casi todas de Estados Unidos y Rusia– en estado de alerta operativa alta.
El estudio resalta, sin embargo, que, aunque estos dos países, que poseen el 90% de todo el armamento nuclear, siguen reduciendo sus arsenales, esto se debe al desmantelamiento de ojivas retiradas del uso militar hace años.
“Todos los países con armas nucleares están aumentando o mejorando sus arsenales y la mayoría está exacerbando la retórica nuclear y el papel que desempeñan las armas nucleares en sus estrategias militares”, dice asegura Wilfred Wan, director del Programa de Armas de Destrucción Masiva del SIPRI. “Es una tendencia muy preocupante”.
China, por ejemplo, se encuentra en medio de una expansión de su arsenal, con la construcción de 300 nuevos silos de misiles y más cabezas nucleares fueron asignadas a fuerzas operativas en 2021, y Reino Unido anunció el año pasado que aumentaría el techo de su armamento nuclear.
Francia ha comunicado también el lanzamiento de un programa para desarrollar un misil submarino balístico nuclear de tercera generación, y tanto India, Pakistán como Israel están expandiendo o modernizando sus arsenales.
“Aunque hubo logros significativos en control de armas nucleares y desarme el año pasado, el riesgo de uso de armas nucleares parece más alto ahora que nunca antes desde el final de la Guerra Fría”, señala el informe.
El SIPRI es una prestigiosa institución internacional dedicada a la investigación de conflictos, armamento, control de armas y desarme, creada en 1966 y con sede en Estocolmo.
Fuente: EFE
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