Por: Esmisrna Parades
esmirna.paredes@icloud.com
Luego de cien días del inicio de la escalada militar de Rusia en Ucrania, el conflicto ha tomado una rienda muy diferente a la narrativa inicial de guerra relámpago que perseguía Putin. Más bien, parece haber cometido un error estratégico al no lograr predecir la resistencia ucraniana y el apoyo decidido de Occidente.
En este sentido, se vislumbra un estancamiento de las tropas rusas, dado que no parece estar ganando la guerra, pero al mismo tiempo, tampoco parece estarla perdiendo. Otro punto importante es que Putin buscaba debilitar a la OTAN y al parecer ha logrado exactamente lo contrario, dado que la misma se ha despertado del coma en el cual estaba, encontrando una razón de ser. Teniendo presente que el Kremlin podría apretar el botón nuclear en cualquier momento, pero es una opción que se trata de excluir por los efectos devastadores que tendría para todo el planeta.
En relaciona al respecto, el coronel español Pedro Baños afirma en su libro “Así se domina el mundo” que, una estrategia estadounidense consistirá en desgastar cualquier amenaza durante un largo periodo de tiempo, provocando que los oponentes se vean envueltos en conflictos a los que no puedan poner fin y que tampoco puedan abandonar fácilmente. Mientras dure esta estrategia, Estados Unidos invocará los principios de la autodeterminación y los valores democráticos como justificación.
En la actualidad, Rusia ha pasado de intentar romper el cerco tendido por la Organización Transatlántica, a correr el riesgo de verse aún más cercada por el norte. De hecho, países históricamente neutrales como Suecia y Finlandia han pedido ingresar a la alianza. De todos modos, Putin ha declarado que estas naciones no representan un peligro para Moscú.
Estados Unidos, con una guerra que como siempre no se está librando en su territorio, ha logrado sacar provecho a beneficio de su complejo militar-industrial, el cual suministra armamento a los países europeos que han aumentado su gasto en defensa, a causa de la amenaza que representa un conflicto próximo a sus fronteras.
Ucrania ha recibido apoyo y ayuda bélica por parte de Occidente, la cual ha sido indispensable para su resistencia. No obstante, resulta ser la gran perdedora de esta guerra, dado que, aunque en un caso hipotético Rusia abandonara este país por completo, se enfrenta a la destrucción de sus ciudades, de su historia, con una población desplazada y miles de muertos. Una situación que, a pesar de la narrativa vendida por la infocracia, no se arregla de un día para el otro. Por lo tanto, cualquier victoria que logre obtener Zelenski no podría subsanar estos hechos.
La Unión Europea ha puesto en acto sanciones que repercuten negativamente sobre su propia economía, sin lograr avances significativos en la consecución de una Europa unida, con identidad, seguridad e intereses propios. Esta situación lleva a pensar que seguirá siendo un actor menor sin un liderazgo y visión común, lo cual representa la asignatura pendiente de este bloque desde 1945.
Delante a estos escenarios es importante tener presente que, a pesar de las formas, en el fondo lo que se juega en esta guerra es la pugna por el nuevo orden mundial y su liderazgo. De hecho, los avances de la OTAN no están enfocados en detener a Rusia, sino en posicionar a Occidente en la naciente era geopolítica de la cual el mundo protagoniza actualmente los dolores de parto.
A este particular, el gigante del norte busca no quedarse fuera o mejor aún, seguir liderando el mundo. Todo esto porque el orden liberal donde aparece Estados Unidos como única potencia está en crisis y la salida de Afganistán lo ha puesto en evidencia.
Por tanto, Washington trata de demostrar que aún se puede confiar en los valores predicados por Occidente. No obstante, la era unipolar ha terminado y el mundo se encamina hacia la multipolaridad, donde la unión entre Rusia y China se fortalece. Esta nueva reconfiguración, se vislumbra que estará caracterizada por diferentes bloques de poder, donde ninguno prevalecerá totalmente sobre el otro. Sin duda, el gigante del norte seguirá siendo importante, pero deberá sentarse con países como China e India a negociar su influencia.
Para finalizar, sobre la invasión a Ucrania muchos países no se han pronunciado, ni han impuesto sanciones económicas a Rusia, mientras otros han llegado hasta a justificar y comprender el accionar de Putin, lo cual es una clara prueba de que se está redefiniendo el tablero mundial.

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