Por: Luis Gonazalez
La geopolítica, que, según Peter J. Taylor, “es el estudio de la distribución geográfica del poder entre los estados en el mundo”, y más recientemente, a decir del geoestratego español, Pedro Baños, “el ejercicio de la actividad estatal, cuya finalidad es influir en los asuntos de la esfera internacional”, tiene varias teorías que la sustentan.
La Teoría del Poder Marítimo de Alfred Mahan, la Teoría del Poder Terrestre de Halford Mackinder, la Teoría del Poder Aéreo de Alexander Seversky, por sólo mencionar algunas de las más importantes.
Si bien todas las teorías, las mencionadas aquí y las no mencionadas tienes sus defensores y detractores y han tenido sus momentos de aplicación, en este artículo nos referiremos sólo a una, con la que explicaremos la importancia que tiene para la República Dominicana (RD) acercarse a los países de Asia Central.
La Teoría del Poder Terrestre o Teoría del Heartland, dada a conocer por McKinder en tres versiones 1904, 1919 y 1943, sostenía que Eurasia y África conformaban una “Isla Mundial” que tenía como corazón a Asia Central y Europa del Este, a lo que llamó área pivote o región cardial. El que domine esta región dominará el mundo, dijo.
En el mismo centro del Heartland o área pivote está Kazajistán. ¿Kazajistán?, muchos se preguntarán, algunos quizás es la primera vez que escuchan este nombre. Kazajistán, es la tierra de los kazajos, pueblo de ascendencia turca de mayoría musulmana, que fue parte de la ex Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS), hasta el 16 de diciembre de 1991 cuando proclamó su independencia.
Con sus 2.727.300 km² es el noveno país del mundo en superficie. Desde allí despegó Yuri Gagarin, el primer hombre enviado al espacio el 12 de abril de 1961.
Su importancia es tal, que China tiene a Kazajistán dentro de un grupo exclusivo, donde están Rusia, Kirguistán, Tayikistán y Uzbekistán, que se conoce como Organización de Cooperación de Shanghai (OCS) y además desde una universidad de ese país el Presidente Xi Jinping dio a conocer la idea de la Franja y la Ruta o nueva Ruta de la Seda en 2013.
La RD no puede quedarse fuera del nuevo reordenamiento global que tiene a Asia como protagonista y por tanto debe estar cerca de estos países de Asia Central, por eso felicitamos la presentación de Cartas Credenciales como Embajador Concurrente en Kazajistán, el pasado martes 19 de abril, por parte del embajador dominicano en la Federación de Rusia, Hans Dannenberg Castellanos, quien, dicho sea de paso, fue quien en representación de la RD, como embajador dominicano en India, firmó el martes 7 de junio de 2011 en Nueva Delhi, un memorando de entendimiento con el que se establecieron relaciones diplomáticas formales con Kazajistán.
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